Area Irrigated by a Single Lateral (\( A_1 = \frac{L_e \times S_m}{1000} \)):

Where:

• \( A_1 \) is the area irrigated by a single lateral, in hectares (ha).
• \( L_e \) is the effective length of the lateral, in meters (m).
• \( S_m \) is the spacing between adjacent laterals, in meters (m).