Bulk Modulus of Elasticity (\( E_v \)):

\[ E_v = -\frac{\upsilon_1 \cdot dP}{d\upsilon} \]

Where:

• \( E_v \) is the bulk modulus of elasticity.
• \( \upsilon_1 \) is the initial specific volume.
• \( \upsilon_2 \) is the final specific volume.
• \( dP \) is the change in pressure.
• \( d\upsilon \) is the change in volume.