Average Draft Force (\( F \)):

\[ F = \left[\frac{300 \cdot E}{D}\right] - 0.6 \cdot M \]

Where:

• \( F \) is the average draft force, in newtons (N).
• \( E \) is the energy available for work, in megajoules (MJ).
• \( D \) is the distance travelled, in kilometers (km).
• \( M \) is the weight of the ox, in kilograms (kg).