Average Emitter Discharge:

\[ Qa = \frac{k \cdot (Id \cdot Se \cdot Sl)}{It} \]

Where:

• \(Qa\) is the emitter discharge in cubic meters per hour (\(m^3/hr\)).
• \(k\) is a constant, which is 1 for metric units.
• \(Id\) is the gross depth of irrigation in meters (m).
• \(Se\) is the emitter spacing on the line in meters (m).
• \(Sl\) is the average spacing between lines in meters (m).
• \(It\) is the operational unit during each irrigation cycle in hours (hrs).