Energy Loss (Le):

\[ Le = \frac{Vl \cdot I \cdot To}{1000} \]

Where:

• \(Le\) is the energy loss in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
• \(Vl\) is the voltage loss in the line in volts (V).
• \(I\) is the current flowing in amperes (A).
• \(To\) is the operating time in hours (hr).