Engine Air Handling Capacity (\(m_a\)):

\[ m_a = 0.03 \cdot V_e \cdot N_e \cdot \rho_a \cdot \eta_v \]

Where:

• \(m_a\) is the air handling capacity, kg/hr.
• \(V_e\) is the engine displacement, liters.
• \(N_e\) is the engine speed, rpm.
• \(\rho_a\) is the density of air, 1.19 kg/m³.
• \(\eta_v\) is the air delivery ratio (0.85 for CI, 2.0 for turbocharged engine).