Actual Volume of Fuel ($FVa$):

$$FVa = \frac{Vf}{\xi_t}$$

Where:

• $FVa$ is the actual volume of fuel, in liters per hour (lph).
• $Vf$ is the theoretical volume of fuel, in liters per hour (lph).
• $\xi_t$ is the thermal efficiency, expressed as a decimal.