Total Distance (\( D \)):

\[ D = \frac{A}{S} \]

or

\[ D = 2nL \]

Effective Area Accomplished (\( Ae \)):

\[ Ae = wD = 2nLw \]

Overlap (\( A_0 \)):

\[ A_0 = Ae - A \]

Unplowed Area (\( A_u \)):

\[ A_u = A - Ae \]

Where:

• \( D \) is the total distance traveled, in meters (m).
• \( A \) is the area of the plot, in square meters (m²).
• \( L \) is the length of the plot, in meters (m).
• \( S \) is the average swath, in meters (m).
• \( n \) is the number of rounds.
• \( w \) is the width of the plow or rotary tiller, in meters (m).
• \( A_0 \) is the overlap area, in square meters (m²).
• \( A_u \) is the unplowed area, in square meters (m²).