Energy Requirement (\( Q_n = m \times C_p \times (T_2 - T_1) \)):

Where:

• \( Q_n \) is the energy needed, in kilojoules per hour (kJ/hr).
• \( m \) is the mass of water needed to be heated per hour, in kilograms (kg/hr).
• \( C_p \) is the specific heat of water, 4.18 kJ/kg°C.
• \( T_2 \) is the final temperature of warm water, in degrees Celsius (°C).
• \( T_1 \) is the initial temperature of water, in degrees Celsius (°C).