Specific Gravity (\( s \)):

\[ s = \frac{\rho_{subs}}{\rho_{std\ subs}} = \frac{\gamma_{subs}}{\gamma_{std\ subs}} \]

Where:

• \( s \) is the specific gravity.
• \( \rho_{subs} \) is the density of the substance, in kg/m³ or slug/ft³.
• \( \rho_{std\ subs} \) is the density of the standard substance, in kg/m³ or slug/ft³.
• \( \gamma_{subs} \) is the specific weight of the substance.
• \( \gamma_{std\ subs} \) is the specific weight of the standard substance.