Tip-Speed Ratio (\( \lambda = \frac{2 \pi R N}{V} \)):

Where:

• \( \lambda \) is the tip-speed ratio, a dimensionless number.
• \( R \) is the rotor radius, in meters (m).
• \( N \) is the rotor speed, in revolutions per second (rps).
• \( V \) is the wind velocity, in meters per second (m/s).